Toy Story

Toy Story
Film poster showing a toy cowboy anxiously holding onto a smiling toy astronaut (with wings) as he flies in a kid's room. Below them sitting on a bed are various smiling toys watching the pair, including a Mr. Potato Head, a piggy bank, and a toy dinosaur. In the lower right center of the image is the film's title. The background shows the cloud wallpaper featured in the bedroom.
Promotional theatrical poster
Directed by John Lasseter
Produced by Ralph Guggenheim
Bonnie Arnold
Executive:
Steve Jobs
Ed Catmull
Screenplay by Joss Whedon
Andrew Stanton
Joel Cohen
Alec Sokolow
Story by John Lasseter
Pete Docter
Andrew Stanton
Joe Ranft
Starring Tom Hanks
Tim Allen
Don Rickles
Jim Varney
Wallace Shawn
John Ratzenberger
Annie Potts
John Morris
Laurie Metcalf
Erik von Detten
Music by Randy Newman
Editing by Robert Gordon
Lee Unkrich
Studio Pixar Animation Studios
Distributed by Walt Disney Pictures
Buena Vista Distribution
Roadshow Films
Release date(s) November 22, 1995 (1995-11-22)
Running time 80 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $30 million
Gross revenue $361,958,736[1]
Followed by Toy Story 2

Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated family film, the first Disney/Pixar film to be made, as well as the first feature film in history to be made entirely with CGI. Directed by John Lasseter and featuring the voices of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, the film was co-produced by Ralph Guggenheim and Bonnie Arnold and was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It was written by Lasseter, Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow, and featured music by Randy Newman. Toy Story follows a group of toys who come to life whenever humans are not present, focusing on Woody, a pull-string cowboy doll (Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (Allen).

The top-grossing film on its opening weekend,[2] Toy Story went on to earn over $191 million in the United States and Canada during its initial theatrical release and took in more than $361 million worldwide.[3] Reviews were overwhelmingly positive, praising both the technical innovation of the animation and the wit and sophistication of the screenplay.[4][5] Although the film was a huge box office success, the film is currently Pixar's lowest grossing film while this film's second sequel Toy Story 3 is their highest grossing film earning over $1 billion worldwide.

In addition to DVD releases, Toy Story-inspired material has run the gamut from toys, video games, theme park attractions, spin-offs, and merchandise. View-Master released a 3 reel set in 3D in 1995 prior to release of 3D films. The film was so successful it prompted a sequel released in 1999, Toy Story 2. Eleven years later, on June 18, 2010, an additional film, Toy Story 3, was also released. Both sequels were instant hits and garnered critical acclaim similar to the first. Leading up to the third film's premiere, as part of its promotion, Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were also re-released as a double feature in Disney Digital 3-D on October 2, 2009.[6]

The film was selected into the National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 2005, its first year of eligibility.

Contents

Plot

Woody, a pull-string cowboy doll is the leader of a group of toys that come to life whenever their owner Andy is not present. With his family moving home and one week before his birthday, the toys stage a reconnaissance mission to discover Andy's new presents. Andy receives a space ranger Buzz Lightyear action figure, whose impressive features soon see him replacing Woody as Andy's favorite toy. Woody is disappointed and resentful at his replacement. Meanwhile Buzz does not understand that he is a toy, believing himself to be a real space ranger, and sees Woody as an interference in his mission to return to his home planet.

Andy prepares to go to a family outing at the space themed Pizza Planet restaurant with Buzz. Woody attempts to have Buzz misplaced, but ends up knocking him out the window. The other toys mistakenly think that Woody tried to get rid of him. With a missing Buzz, Andy takes Woody with him to Pizza Planet instead. Buzz sees Andy getting into his mother's car with Woody and manages to climb aboard. While stopped at a gas station, Buzz finds Woody and is very bitter for what he did to him. The two fight and accidentally land outside the car, which drives off and leaves them stranded. Woody spots a truck bound for Pizza Planet and plans to rendezvous with Andy there. Needing Buzz to return with him, Woody convinces him that the truck is a spaceship. Once at Pizza Planet, Woody tries to trick Buzz into thinking that Andy's sister's stroller is another spaceship, but, instead, Buzz makes his way into a claw game machine shaped like a spaceship, thinking it to be the ship Woody promised him. While Woody clambers in to try and rescue him, they are captured by Andy's neighbor, the toy-destroying Sid Phillips.

At Sid's house, the two desperately attempt to escape before Andy's family's moving day, encountering nightmarish mutant toys as well as Sid's vicious dog Scud. Buzz sees a commercial for Buzz Lightyear action figures just like himself and realizes that he is a toy. Woody is unable to get a depressed Buzz to participate in his escape plan. Sid prepares to destroy Buzz by strapping a firework rocket to him, but is delayed by a thunderstorm. Woody convinces Buzz that life is worth living even if he is not a space ranger because of the joy he can bring to children. Buzz regains his spirit, but Sid takes him to his backyard. In cooperation with Sid's mutant toys, Woody stages a rescue of Buzz and scares Sid off by coming to life. However, the two miss Andy's car as it drives away to his new house.

Running out on the road, they manage to climb onto the moving truck but Scud chases them and Buzz tackles the dog to save Woody. Woody attempts to rescue Buzz with Andy's RC but the other toys, who still distrust him, toss him off onto the road. However, spotting Woody driving RC back with Buzz alive and well, they realize their mistake and try to help them into the truck. When RC's batteries become depleted, Woody ignites the rocket on Buzz's back and manages to throw RC into the moving truck just as the duo go soaring into the air. Buzz then opens his wings to cut himself free of the rocket moments before it explodes, and he and Woody land safely inside Andy's car to Andy's joy.

On Christmas Eve at the new house, a reconciled Buzz and Woody stage another reconnaissance mission to prepare for the new toy arrivals, one of the new toys being a Mrs. Potato Head. As Woody jokingly asks what might be worse than Buzz, the two share a worried smile as they discover Andy's new gift, a puppy named Buster.

Cast

Production

Script and development

In the foreground is a paved street leading to the gate's entrance. A sign reading "PIXAR Animation Studios" sits on top of stone columns in front of the gate that leads to several buildings.
The entrance to Pixar's studio lot in Emeryville, California

John Lasseter's first experience with computer animation was during his work as an animator at Disney, when two of his friends showed him the lightcycle scene from Tron. It was an eye-opening experience which awakened Lasseter to the possibilities offered by the new medium of computer-generated animation.[7] Lasseter went on to work at Lucasfilm and later as a founding member of Pixar.[8]

Pixar's Oscar-winning short film Tin Toy (directed by Lasseter) and its CAPS project were among works that gained Disney's attention and, after meetings in 1990 with Jeffrey Katzenberg, Pixar pitched a television special called A Tin Toy Christmas. By July 1991, Disney and Pixar signed an agreement to work on a film, based on the Tin Toy characters, called Toy Story.[9] The deal gave Pixar a three-film deal (with Toy Story being the first) as well as 10% of the films' profits.[10][11]

Toy Story's script was strongly influenced by the ideas of screenwriter Robert McKee. The script went through many changes before the final version. Lasseter decided Tinny was "too antiquated", and the character was changed to a military action figure, and then given a space theme. Tinny's name changed to Lunar Larry, then Tempus from Morph, and eventually Buzz Lightyear (after astronaut Buzz Aldrin).[12] Lightyear's design was modeled on the suits worn by Apollo astronauts as well as G.I. Joe action figures.[13][14] A second character, originally a ventriloquist's dummy, was changed to a stuffed cowboy doll with a pull-string, and named Woody for Western actor Woody Strode. The difference between the old and new toy led to a conflict between their personalities.[12] Lasseter wanted the film to not be a musical, but a buddy film, with the story department drawing inspiration from films such as 48 Hrs. and The Defiant Ones.[12] Joss Whedon claimed "It would have been a really bad musical, because it's a buddy movie. It's about people who won't admit what they want, much less sing about it. ... Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, 'I hate you.' It's not about open emotion."[15] Disney also appointed Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow and, later, Whedon to help develop the script.[12] In addition, Disney wanted the film to appeal to both children and adults, and asked for adult references to be added to the film.[15] Disney gave approval for the film on January 19, 1993, at which point voice casting could begin.[15]

Lasseter always wanted Tom Hanks to play the character of Woody. Lasseter claimed Hanks "... has the ability to take emotions and make them appealing. Even if the character, like the one in A League of Their Own, is down-and-out and despicable."[15] Early test footage, using Hanks' voice from Turner and Hooch, convinced Hanks to sign on to the film.[15][16] Billy Crystal was approached to play Buzz, but turned down the role, which he later regretted, although he would voice Mike Wazowski in Pixar's later success, Monsters, Inc.[17][18] Katzenberg took the role to Tim Allen, who was appearing in Disney's Home Improvement, and he accepted.[12] Toy Story was both Hanks and Allen's first animated film role.[19]

Pixar presented an early draft of the film to Disney on November 19, 1993.[15] The result was disastrous. It presented Woody as a "sarcastic jerk" because Katzenberg kept sending notes that he wanted more edge. Katzenberg took Schneider in the hall during the screening and asked him why it was bad, Schneider responded that it "wasn't their's [sic] anymore."[20] Walt Disney Feature Animation president Peter Schneider immediately shut down production pending a new script approved by Disney. Pixar survived the shutdown by falling back on its existing television commercial business while the script was rewritten.[15] The new script made Woody a more likable character, instead of the "sarcastic jerk" he had been. Katzenberg restarted production in February 1994.[12] The voice actors returned in March to record their new lines.[15]

It was Whedon's idea to incorporate Barbie as a character who would rescue Woody and Buzz in the film's final act.[21] The idea was dropped after Mattel objected and refused to license the toy. Producer Ralph Guggenheim claimed that Mattel did not allow the use of the toy as "They [Mattel] philosophically felt girls who play with Barbie dolls are projecting their personalities onto the doll. If you give the doll a voice and animate it, you're creating a persona for it that might not be every little girl's dream and desire."[15] Barbies did, however, appear in the film's sequels, Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3. Hasbro likewise refused to license G.I. Joe but did license Mr. Potato Head.[12][15] The film's related toys were produced by Thinkway Toys, who secured the worldwide master toy license in 1995.[22]

Animation

"We couldn't have made this movie in traditional animation. This is a story that can only really be told with three-dimensional toy characters. ... Some of the shots in this film are so beautiful."

—Tom Schumacher, Vice President of Walt Disney Feature Animation[23]

Toy Story was completed on a $30 million budget,[24]and a $20 million advertising budget, using a staff of 110;[24] in comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45 million and a staff of 800.[24] Lasseter spoke on the challenges of the computer animation in the film: "We had to make things look more organic. Every leaf and blade of grass had to be created. We had to give the world a sense of history. So the doors are banged up, the floors have scuffs."[15]

The film began with animated storyboards to guide the animators in developing the characters. 27 animators worked on the film, using 400 computer models to animate the characters. Each character was either created out of clay or was first modeled off of a computer-drawn diagram before reaching the computer animated design.[25] Once the animators had a model, articulation and motion controls were coded, allowing each character to move in a variety of ways, such as talking, walking, or jumping.[25] Of all of the characters, Woody was the most complex as he required 723 motion controls, including 212 for his face and 58 for his mouth.[15][26] To sync the actors' voices with the characters, animators spent a week per 8-second frame detailing the characters' mouths and expressions.[25] After this the animators would compile the scenes, and develop a new storyboard with the computer animated characters. Animators then added shading, lighting, visual effects, and finally used 300 computer processors to render the film to its final design.[25][26] During post-production, the film was sent to Skywalker Sound where sound effects were mixed with the music score.[26] In total, the film required 800,000 machine hours and 114,240 frames of animation, with 2–15 hours spent per frame.[15][27][25]

Release

Theatrical release

Toy Story premiered on November 19, 1995 in Hollywood, California. For its theater run, it was released on November 22, 1995 at the beginning of a 5-day Thanksgiving weekend. The film opened in 2,281 theaters (before later expanding to 2,574 theaters). The film remained in theaters for 37 weeks.[3] The film was also shown at the Berlin Film Festival out of competition from February 15 to 26, 1996.[28] Pixar's first ever short film, "The Adventures of Andre and Wally B" played before the film was shown in theaters.

Upon its release, Toy Story was the only Pixar film that was branded with only the Disney logo above its title despite the film's dual collaboration. However, after the complete acquisition of Pixar by the Walt Disney Company in 2006, the film along with the rest of the films produced by Pixar now feature the Disney·Pixar brand.

Prior to the film's release, executive producer Steve Jobs stated "If Toy Story is a modest hit—say $75 million at the box office—we'll [Pixar and Disney] both break even. If it gets $100 million, we'll both make money. But if it's a real blockbuster and earns $200 million or so at the box office, we'll make good money, and Disney will make a lot of money."[27] Disney chairman Michael Eisner stated "I don't think either side thought Toy Story would turn out as well as it has. The technology is brilliant, the casting is inspired, and I think the story will touch a nerve. Believe me, when we first agreed to work together, we never thought their first movie would be our 1995 holiday feature, or that they could go public on the strength of it."[27] Marketing for the film includes $20 million spent by Disney for advertising as well as advertisers such as Burger King, Pepsico, Coca-Cola, and Payless ShoeSource paying $125 million in tied promotions for the film.[29] A marketing consultant reflected on the promotion: "This will be a killer deal. How can a kid, sitting through a one-and-a-half-hour movie with an army of recognizable toy characters, not want to own one?"[30]

3-D re-release

A three-eyed alien toy, wearing a three-eyed set of 3-D glasses and looking surprised. A quotation, "Oooh... 3-D" is above the alien. Atop the poster is "1 Ticket, 2 Movies, 3 Dimensions", and below the logos for Disney, Pixar, and both Toy Story film.
Poster for 3-D re-release

On October 2, 2009, the film was re-released in Disney Digital 3-D.[31] The film was also released with Toy Story 2 as a double feature for a two-week run[32] which was extended due to its success.[33][34] In addition, the film's second sequel, Toy Story 3, was also released in the 3-D format.[31] Lasseter commented on the new 3-D re-release:

"The Toy Story films and characters will always hold a very special place in our hearts and we're so excited to be bringing this landmark film back for audiences to enjoy in a whole new way thanks to the latest in 3-D technology. With Toy Story 3 shaping up to be another great adventure for Buzz, Woody and the gang from Andy's room, we thought it would be great to let audiences experience the first two films all over again and in a brand new way."[35]

Translating the film into 3-D involved revisiting the original computer data and virtually placing a second camera into each scene, creating left-eye and right-eye views needed to achieve the perception of depth.[36] Unique to computer animation, Lasseter referred to this process as "digital archaeology."[36] The process took four months, as well as an additional six months for the two films to add the 3-D. The lead stereographer Bob Whitehill oversaw this process and sought to achieve an effect that impacted the emotional storytelling of the film:

"When I would look at the films as a whole, I would search for story reasons to use 3-D in different ways. In 'Toy Story, for instance, when the toys were alone in their world, I wanted it to feel consistent to a safer world. And when they went out to the human world, that's when I really blew out the 3-D to make it feel dangerous and deep and overwhelming."[36]

Unlike other countries, the UK received the films in 3-D as separate releases. Toy Story was released on October 2, 2009. Toy Story 2 was instead released January 22, 2010.[37] The re-release performed well at the box office, opening with $12,500,000 in its opening weekend, placing at the third position after Zombieland and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.[38] The double feature grossed $30,714,027 in its five-week release.[38]

Reception

"Yes, we worry about what the critics say. Yes, we worry about what the opening box office is going to be. Yes, we worry about what the final box office is going to be. But really, the whole point why we do what we do is to entertain our audiences. The greatest joy I get as a filmmaker is to slip into an audience for one of our movies anonymously, and watch people watch our film. Because people are 100 percent honest when they're watching a movie. And to see the joy on people's faces, to see people really get into our films...to me is the greatest reward I could possibly get."

—John Lasseter, reflecting on the impact of the film[39]

Toy Story has received universal acclaim since its release in 1995. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 73 reviews, with an average score of 9/10. The critical consensus is: As entertaining as it is innovative, Toy Story kicked off Pixar's unprecedented run of quality pictures, reinvigorating animated film in the process. The film is Certified Fresh.[5] At the website Metacritic, which utilizes a normalized rating system, the film earned a "universal acclaim" level rating of 92/100 based on 16 reviews by mainstream critics.[4] Reviewers hailed the film for its computer animation, voice cast, and ability to appeal to numerous age groups.

Leonard Klady of Variety commended the animation's "... razzle-dazzle technique and unusual look. The camera loops and zooms in a dizzying fashion that fairly takes one's breath away."[40] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared the film's innovative animation to Disney's Who Framed Roger Rabbit saying "Both movies take apart the universe of cinematic visuals, and put it back together again, allowing us to see in a new way."[41] Due to the film's animation, Richard Corliss of Time claimed that it was "... the year's most inventive comedy."[42]

The voice cast was also praised by various critics. Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today approved of the selection of Hanks and Allen for the lead roles.[43] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times stated that "Starting with Tom Hanks, who brings an invaluable heft and believability to Woody, Toy Story is one of the best voiced animated features in memory, with all the actors ... making their presences strongly felt."[44] Several critics also recognized the film's ability to appeal to various age groups, specifically children and adults.[41][45] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote: "It has the purity, the ecstatic freedom of imagination, that's the hallmark of the greatest children's films. It also has the kind of spring-loaded allusive prankishness that, at times, will tickle adults even more than it does kids."[46]

In 1995, Time named the film 8th in their list of the best ten films of 1995.[47] In 2003, the Online Film Critics Society ranked the film as the greatest animated film of all time.[48] In 2007, the Visual Effects Society named the film 22nd in its list of the "Top 50 Most Influential Visual Effects Films of All Time".[49] In 2005 the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, one of five films to be selected in its first year of eligibility.[50] The film is ranked ninety-ninth on the AFI's list of the hundred greatest American films of all time.[51][52][53] It was one of only two animated films on the list, the other being Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It was also sixth best in the animation genre on AFI's 10 Top 10.

Director Terry Gilliam would praise the film as "a work of genius. It got people to understand what toys are about. They're true to their own character. And that's just brilliant. It's got a shot that's always stuck with me, when Buzz Lightyear discovers he's a toy. He's sitting on this landing at the top of the staircase and the camera pulls back and he's this tiny little figure. He was this guy with a massive ego two seconds before... and it's stunning. I'd put that as one of my top ten films, period."[54]

Box office performance

Toy Story's first five days of domestic release (on Thanksgiving weekend), earned the film $39,071,176.[55] The film placed first in the weekend's box office with $29,140,617.[3] The film maintained its number one position at the domestic box office for the following two weekends. Toy Story was the highest grossing domestic film in 1995, beating Batman Forever and Apollo 13 (also starring Tom Hanks).[56] At the time of its release, it was the third highest grossing animated film after The Lion King (1994) and Aladdin (1992).[11] When not considering inflation, Toy Story is 96th on the list of the highest grossing domestic films of all time.[57] The film had gross receipts of $191,796,233 in the U.S. and Canada and $170,162,503 in international markets for a total of $361,958,736 worldwide.[3]

Accolades

The film won and was nominated for various other awards including a Kids' Choice Award, MTV Movie Award, and a BAFTA Award, among others. John Lasseter received an Academy Special Achievement Award in 1996 "for the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film."[58] The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, two to Randy Newman for Best Music—Original Song, for "You've Got a Friend in Me", and Best Music—Original Musical or Comedy Score.[59] It was also nominated for Best Writing—Screenplay Written for the Screen for the work by Joel Cohen, Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton, and Joss Whedon.[59]

Toy Story won eight Annie Awards, including "Best Animated Feature". Animator Pete Docter, director John Lasseter, musician Randy Newman, producers Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, production designer Ralph Eggleston, and writers Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton, and Joss Whedon all won awards for "Best Individual Achievement" in their respective fields for their work on the film. The film also won "Best Individual Achievement" in technical achievement.[60]

Toy Story was nominated for two Golden Globes, one for "Best Motion Picture—Comedy/Musical", and one for "Best Original Song—Motion Picture" for Randy Newman's "You've Got a Friend in Me".[61] At both the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle, the film won "Best Animated Film".[62][63] Toy Story is also among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14, and the highest placed (at #99) animated film in Empire's list of "500 Greatest Movie of All Time".[64]

Home video

Toy Story was released on VHS and Laserdisc on October 29, 1996, with no bonus material. In the first week of release VHS rentals totaled $5.1 million, debuting Toy Story as the number one video for the week.[65] Over 21.5 million VHS copies were sold in the first year.[66] On January 11, 2000, it was released on VHS in the Gold Classic Collection series with the bonus short, Tin Toy, which sold two million copies.[66] Its first DVD release was on October 17, 2000, in a two-pack with Toy Story 2. This release was later available individually. Also on October 17, 2000, a 3-disc "Ultimate Toy Box" set was released, featuring Toy Story, Toy Story 2, and a third disc of bonus materials.[66] On September 6, 2005, a 2-disc "10th Anniversary Edition" was released featuring much of the bonus material from the "Ultimate Toy Box", including a retrospective special with John Lasseter, a home theater mix, as well as a new picture.[67] This DVD went back in the Disney Vault on January 31, 2009, along with Toy Story 2. Also on September 6, 2005, a bare-bones UMD of Toy Story was released for the Sony PlayStation Portable.

The film was available on Blu-ray for the first time in a Special Edition Combo Pack which included two discs, one Blu-Ray copy of the movie, and another DVD copy of the movie. This combo-edition was released on March 23, 2010, along with its sequel.[68] There was a DVD-only re-release on May 11, 2010.[20]

Soundtrack

Toy Story
At the center of the album cover is a toy cowboy's head overlooking a bed with a shocked expression on his face. Sitting on the bed in front of him are the legs of a toy astronaut. The title of the soundtrack is at the top of the image and the production credits are located at the bottom.
Soundtrack by Randy Newman
Released November 22, 1995
Genre Score
Length 51:44
Label Walt Disney
Producer Chris Montan (Don Davis, Jim Flamberg, Don Was, Frank Wolf, Randy Newman)
Professional reviews
Pixar soundtrack chronology
Toy Story
(1995)		 A Bug's Life
(1998)
Singles from Toy Story
  1. "You've Got a Friend in Me"
    Released: April 12, 1996[71]

Lasseter was against making the film a musical, similar to prior Disney films such as Aladdin and The Lion King.[11] However, Disney favored the musical format, claiming "Musicals are our orientation. Characters breaking into song is a great shorthand. It takes some of the onus off what they're asking for."[15] However, Disney later agreed with Lasseter and decided to select Randy Newman to score the film, which would be Newman's first animated film. Lasseter claimed "His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene."[15] Newman developed the film's signature song "You've Got a Friend in Me" in one day.[15]

The soundtrack for Toy Story was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release. Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its "sprightly, stirring score".[69] Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the Billboard 200 album chart.[72] A cassette and CD single release of "You've Got a Friend in Me" was released on April 12, 1996 in order to promote the soundtrack's release.[71] The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes[73]

Tracklisting[69][73]

All songs written and composed by Randy Newman. 

No. Title Length
1. "You've Got a Friend in Me" (performed by Newman) 2:04
2. "Strange Things" (performed by Newman) 3:18
3. "I Will Go Sailing No More" (performed by Newman) 2:57
4. "Andy's Birthday"   5:58
5. "Soldier's Mission"   1:29
6. "Presents"   1:09
7. "Buzz"   1:40
8. "Sid"   1:21
9. "Woody and Buzz"   4:29
10. "Mutants"   6:05
11. "Woody's Gone"   2:13
12. "The Big One"   2:51
13. "Hang Together"   6:02
14. "On the Move"   6:18
15. "Infinity and Beyond"   3:09
16. "You've Got a Friend in Me (Duet Version)" (performed by Newman, Lyle Lovett) 2:42
Total length:
 51:44
Charts
Chart (1995) Peak
position
U.S. Billboard 200[72] 94

Impact and legacy

Toy Story had a large impact on the film industry with its innovative computer animation. After the film's debut, various industries were interested in the technology used for the film. Graphics chip makers desired to compute imagery similar to the film's animation for personal computers; game developers wanted to learn how to replicate the animation for video games; and robotics researchers were interested in building artificial intelligence into their machines that compared to the lifelike characters in the film.[74] Various authors have also compared the film to an interpretation of Don Quixote as well as humanism.[75][76] In addition, Toy Story left an impact with its catchphrase "To infinity and beyond!", sequels, and software, among others.

"To infinity and beyond!"

Buzz Lightyear's classic line "To infinity and beyond!" (which is similar to the caption 'Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite' in part 3 of Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey) has seen usage not only on T-shirts, but among philosophers and mathematical theorists as well.[77][78][79] Lucia Hall of The Humanist linked the film's plot to an interpretation of humanism. She compared the phrase to "All this and heaven, too!", indicating one who is happy with a life on Earth as well as having an afterlife.[76] In 2008, during STS-124 astronauts took an action figure of Buzz Lightyear into space on the Discovery Space Shuttle as part of an educational experience for students while stressing the catchphrase. The action figure was used for experiments in zero-g.[80] Also in 2008, the phrase made international news when it was reported that a father and son had continually repeated the phrase to help them keep track of each other while treading water for 15 hours in the Atlantic Ocean.[81][82]

Sequels, shows, and spin-offs

Main articles: Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3

Toy Story has spawned two sequels: Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010). Initially, the sequel to Toy Story was going to be a direct-to-video release, with development beginning in 1996.[83] However, after the cast from Toy Story returned and the story was considered to be better than that of a direct-to-video release, it was announced in 1998 that the sequel would see a theatrical release.[84] The sequel saw the return of the majority of the voice cast from Toy Story, and the film focuses on rescuing Woody after he is stolen at a yard sale. The film was even better received than the original by critics, earning a rare 100% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 125 reviews.[85] At Metacritic, the film earned a favorable rating of 88/100 based on 34 reviews.[86] The film's widest release was 3,257 theaters and it grossed $485,015,179 worldwide, becoming the second-most successful animated film after The Lion King at the time of its release.[87][88]

Toy Story 3 was released on June 18, 2010.[89] The film centers on the toys being left at a day-care center after their owner goes to college.[90] Again the majority of the cast from the prior two films returned to voice their respective characters. Unlike the first two films, it was released in 3-D (although the first two films have been re-released in 3-D on October 2, 2009 as a double feature).[89]

In November 1996, the Disney on Ice: Toy Story ice show opened which featured the voices of the cast as well as the music by Randy Newman.[91] In April 2008, the Disney Wonder cruise ship launched Toy Story: The Musical, for its passengers.[92]

Toy Story also led to a spin-off direct-to-video animated film, Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins as well as the animated television series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command.[93] The film and series followed Buzz Lightyear and his friends at Star Command as they uphold justice across the galaxy. Although the film was criticized for not using the same animation as in Toy Story and Toy Story 2, it sold three million VHS and DVDs in its first week of release.[94][95] The series ran for two seasons.

Software and merchandise

Disney's Animated Storybook: Toy Story and Disney's Activity Center: Toy Story were released for Windows and Mac.[96] Disney's Animated Storybook: Toy Story was the best selling software title of 1996, selling over 500,000 copies.[97] Two console video games were released for the film: the Toy Story video game, for the Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, and PC as well as Toy Story Racer, for the PlayStation (which contains elements from Toy Story 2).[98] Pixar created original animations for all of the games, including fully animated sequences for the PC titles.

Toy Story had a large promotion prior to its release, leading to numerous tie-ins with the film including images on food packaging.[30] A variety of merchandise was released during the film's theatrical run and its initial VHS release including toys, clothing, and shoes, among other things.[99] When an action figure for Buzz Lightyear and Sheriff Woody was created it was initially ignored by retailers. However, after over 250,000 figures were sold for each character prior to the film's release, demand continued to expand, eventually reaching over 25 million units sold by 2007.[39]

Theme park attractions

Toy Story and its sequels have inspired multiple attractions at the theme parks of Walt Disney World and Disneyland:

References

  1. ↑ "Toy Story (1995) – Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory.htm. Retrieved April 22, 2010. 
  2. ↑ "Toy Story". The Numbers. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1995/0TYST.php. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Toy Story". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory.htm. Retrieved February 18, 2010. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Toy Story Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/toystory?q=toy%20story. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Toy Story (1995)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story/. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  6. ↑ Graser, Marc (January 24, 2008). "'Toy Story' gets 3-D makeover". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117979561.html?categoryid=1050&cs=1. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  7. ↑ Paik, Karen (2007). To Infinity and Beyond!: The Story of Pixar Animation Studios. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. pp. 38. ISBN 0811850129. http://books.google.com/?id=uDAGknVpUwgC&pg=PA104&dq=buzz+lightyear+to+infinity+and+beyond#PPA38,M1. Retrieved March 13, 2009. 
  8. ↑ Paik, Karen (2007). To Infinity and Beyond!: The Story of Pixar Animation Studios. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. pp. 41. ISBN 0811850129. 
  9. ↑ Schlender, Brent (May 17, 2006). "Pixar's magic man". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/2006/05/15/magazines/fortune/pixar_futureof_fortune_052906/index.htm. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  10. ↑ Kanfer, Stefan (2000). Serious Business. Da Capo Press. pp. 229. ISBN 0306809184. http://books.google.com/?id=wQVU6xFGX7oC&pg=PA11&dq=Toy+Story. Retrieved March 13, 2009. 
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  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Price, David A. (2008). "Making It Fly - 1". The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. United States of America: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 124–132. ISBN 978-0-307-26575-3. 
  13. ↑ "Disney's Buzz Lightyear and Wall-E explore space for NASA". Space.com. June 24, 2008. http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-062408a.html. Retrieved March 13, 2009. 
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  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 "Toy' Wonder". Entertainment Weekly. December 8, 1995. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,299897,00.html. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  16. ↑ Toy Story (10th Anniversary Edition)-(Making Toy Story). [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment. September 6, 2005. Event occurs at 6:43. 
  17. ↑ Fischer, Paul. "Billy Crystal - Cranky Critic StarTalk". http://www.crankycritic.com/qa/pf_articles/billycrystal.html. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  18. ↑ Pearlman, Cindy (October 28, 2001). "Crystal clear on 'Monsters'" (Fee required). Chicago Sun-Times. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF7B35B6B4F1765&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved March 16, 2009. 
  19. ↑ Michael, Dennis (November 25, 1995). "'Toy Story' stars say being animated is hard work". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9511/toy_story/stars/index.html. Retrieved March 12, 2009. 
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  21. ↑ tnarwani (July 21, 2008). "The Lost Joss Whedon/Pixar Connection". http://www.suvudu.com/2008/07/the-lost-joss-whedonpixar-conn.html. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
  22. ↑ "Company Info - History". Thinkway Toys. http://www.thinkwaytoys.com/companyinfo/companyinfo_history.htm. Retrieved March 11, 2009. 
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Woody · Buzz Lightyear · Jessie
Spin-offs
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (The Adventure Begins)
Video games
Toy Story · Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue · Toy Story Racer · Toy Story Mania! · Toy Story 3: The Video Game
Shorts
Tin Toy · Luxo Jr. · Day & Night
Attractions
Buzz Lightyear · Toy Story Midway Mania! · Toy Story Playland · Toy Story: The Musical · RC Racer
Other media
Toy Story 2 (film soundtrack) · Woody's Roundup (Riders in the Sky album) · Lego Toy Story · "You've Got a Friend in Me"
John Lasseter
Directed
Feature films
Toy Story (1995) · A Bug's Life (1998) · Toy Story 2 (1999) · Cars (2006) · Cars 2 (2011)
Short films
Luxo Jr. (1986) · Red's Dream (1987) · Tin Toy (1988) · Knick Knack (1989) · Mater and the Ghostlight (2006) · Tokyo Mater (2008)
Produced
Feature films
Spirited Away (2001) · Monsters, Inc. (2001) · Finding Nemo (2003) · Howl's Moving Castle (2004) · The Incredibles (2004) · Tales from Earthsea (2006) · Meet the Robinsons (2007) · Ratatouille (2007) · WALL-E (2008) · Bolt (2008) · Tinker Bell (2008) · Up (2009) · Ponyo (2009) · Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009) · The Princess and the Frog (2009) · Toy Story 3 (2010) · Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010) · Tangled (2010) · Cars 2 (2011) · Winnie the Pooh (2011) · Brave (2012)
Short films
Luxo Jr. (1986) · Geri's Game (1997) · For the Birds (2000) · Mike's New Car (2002) · Jack-Jack Attack (2005) · One Man Band (2006) · Lifted (2006) · How to Hook Up Your Home Theater (2007) · Your Friend the Rat (2007) · Presto (2008) · BURN-E (2008) · Super Rhino (2008) · Partly Cloudy (2009) · Glago's Guest (2009) · Dug's Special Mission (2009) · Prep & Landing (2009) · Day & Night (2010)
Other
Lady and the Lamp (1979) · Nitemare (1980) · The Fox and the Hound (1981) · Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) · The Adventures of André and Wally B. (1984) · Young Sherlock Holmes (1985) · The Brave Little Toaster (1987) · Porco Rosso (1992)
Studios
Walt Disney Animation Studios · Pixar · DisneyToon Studios
Joss Whedon
Television
Created
Directed
The Office ("Business School" · "Branch Wars") · Glee ("Dream On")
Written
Roseanne · Parenthood
Film
Written & directed
Serenity · Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (short film)  · The Avengers
Written & produced
The Cabin in the Woods
Written
Buffy the Vampire Slayer · Toy Story · Alien Resurrection · Titan A.E. · Captain America: The First Avenger
Script doctor
Speed · Waterworld · Twister · X-Men · Atlantis: The Lost Empire
Comics
Written
Fray · Tales of the Slayers · Tales of the Vampires · Serenity (Those Left Behind · Better Days) · Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Season 8  · Season 9) · Angel (Angel: After the Fall) · Astonishing X-Men · Runaways · Sugarshock!
Related articles
Whedonesque.com · Mutant Enemy Productions · Goners
Randy Newman
Main albums
Randy Newman (1968) · 12 Songs (1970) · Randy Newman Live (1971) · Sail Away (1972) · Good Old Boys (1974) · Little Criminals (1977) · Born Again (1979) · Trouble in Paradise (1983) · Land of Dreams (1988) · Bad Love (1999) · The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1 (2003) · Harps and Angels (2008)
Compilations
Lonely at the Top: The Best of Randy Newman (1987) · Guilty: 30 Years of Randy Newman (1998) · The Best of Randy Newman (2001)
Musicals
Randy Newman's Faust (1995)
Films scored
Performance (1970) · Cold Turkey (1971) · Ragtime (1981) · The Natural (1984) · ¡Three Amigos! (1986) · Parenthood (1989) · Awakenings (1990) · Avalon (1990) · The Paper (1994) · Maverick (1994) · Toy Story (1995) · James and the Giant Peach (1996) · Michael (1996) · Cats Don't Dance (1997) · A Bug's Life (1998) · Pleasantville (1998) · Toy Story 2 (1999) · Meet the Parents (2000) · Monsters, Inc. (2001) · Seabiscuit (2003) · Monk (TV) (2002-2009) · Meet the Fockers (2004) · Cars (2006) · Leatherheads (2008) · The Princess and the Frog (2009) · Toy Story 3 (2010)  · Little Fockers (2010)
Songs
"Mama Told Me Not to Come" · "Sail Away" · "Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear" · "Political Science" · "You Can Leave Your Hat On" · "Louisiana 1927" · "Rednecks" · "Short People" · "I Love L.A." · "Feels Like Home"
Related
Discography · Brill Building · Nilsson Sings Newman
Annie Award for Best Animated Feature

Beauty and the Beast (1992) · Aladdin (1993) · The Lion King (1994) · Pocahontas (1995) · Toy Story (1996) · Cats Don't Dance (1997) · Mulan (1998) · The Iron Giant (1999) · Toy Story 2 (2000) · Shrek (2001) · Spirited Away (2002) · Finding Nemo (2003) · The Incredibles (2004) · Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) · Cars (2006) · Ratatouille (2007) · Kung Fu Panda (2008) Up (2009)